An interactive story of where we all come from

A shared human story

Your roots are older than any border.

Every person alive shares the same beginning. Scroll back through 300,000 years, follow the journey out of Africa, and see how we became different — and how little that difference really is.

01Shared origin

We all begin in the same place.

Around 300,000 years ago, in Africa, the first people who looked and thought like us were living, moving and surviving. Everyone alive today — every colour, every country — descends from them.

Your family did not start at a flag or a city. Trace any family far enough back and the lines all bend toward the same continent, the same small beginning. Before we were many, we were one population.

  • The first of us

    ~300,000 yrs

  • Shared origin

    One Africa

  • Living humans today

    8 billion

  • One unbroken line

    To you

02Deep time

300,000 years — one day.

Time this big is hard to feel. So picture all of human history squeezed into a single 24 hours. Press play and watch where the things we argue about actually land.

Almost the entire day is people living, moving and surviving. Writing, after half past eleven. The borders on today's maps are drawn in the last seconds. Farming arrives after 11pm.

00:00:00~300,000 yrs ago
00:00:00The first of us appears, in Africa~300,000 yrs ago
18:24:00First people journey out of Africa~70,000 yrs ago
20:48:00Cave paintings, flutes, ornaments~40,000 yrs ago
23:02:24Farming begins; villages grow~12,000 yrs ago
23:35:02The first writing is pressed into clay~5,000 yrs ago
23:58:48Today's nation-state borders are drawn~250 yrs ago

Almost the entire day is people living, moving and surviving. Farming arrives after 11pm. Writing, after half past eleven. The borders on today's maps are drawn in the last few seconds before midnight.

The first of us appears, in Africa

03The great migration

Out of Africa, into everywhere.

Then people began to move — following coasts and herds across tens of thousands of years, until our species reached nearly every corner of Earth.

Routes here are a simplified teaching model, not exact paths. Read the evidence drawer for the dates and sources behind each waypoint.

The great migration

One origin

~300,000years ago

across Africa

Scroll to follow the journey. Routes are a simplified model.

LevantSouth AsiaSahulEast AsiaEuropeSiberiaAlaskaN. AmericaS. AmericaPolynesiaAfrica

Beringia — the Ice-Age land bridge

Ice-Age glaciers pulled sea levels down ~130 m, exposing a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska.

Learn more · U.S. National Park Service
04Why we look different

Skin colour is a sunlight story.

As people settled at different distances from the equator, their bodies met different amounts of sunlight. Skin tone is one of the ways we adapted — a response to UV light, not a ranking of people.

Near the equator, strong sun favours more melanin — it shields the body and protects folate. Far from it, lighter skin helps make vitamin D in weak light. It changed many times, in many directions, as people moved across the globe over tens of thousands of years. Skin colour tracks sunlight.

EQUATOR ── POLE
2° from equatorEquatorial Africa, Amazonia, Indonesia
EquatorPole
Sunlight (UV)
Folate to protect
Vitamin D made

Near the equator, strong sun favours more melanin — it shields the body and protects folate. Far from it, lighter skin helps make vitamin D in weak light. Skin colour tracks sunlight. It changed many times, in many directions, as people moved across the globe over tens of thousands of years.

05The ancestor web

You don't come from a line. You come from a web.

Go back far enough and your ancestors multiply faster than you can imagine. Within a few centuries the numbers grow so large that the same people must fill many places at once — which means we share ancestors, constantly, across every supposed divide.

(This is pedigree collapse.)

1 thousandYou -Today125 yrs ago250 yrs ago

Go back

10 generations · ~250 years

1 thousandancestor slots ( 210 )
1 generation210 generations1 thousand40 generations1.1 trillion

Each slider step adds one generation and doubles the ancestor slots.

More slots than people alive

The same ancestors must fill many slots at once. So you don't descend from one pure line — you share ancestors with everyone. (This is pedigree collapse.)

← deeper in timetoday →1 billion100M10M1M100k10k1,000approximate years ago · logarithmic scaleGenesancestrycultureethnicitycitizenshipborders
Genes~3.8 billion years ago · as old as life itself
The biological instructions you inherit. Nearly all of them are shared by every human alive.
06How different are we, really?

Almost entirely the same.

For all the variety we can see, the genetic differences between any two humans are tiny. And they don't fall into neat groups the way our eyes expect.

Most of the variation is within any group, not between groups.

99.9% — shared by every human

Here is the surprise

Most of that tiny 0.1% of variation is found within any group you can name — not between one group and the next.

What that means

Two strangers from the same place can differ more, gene for gene, than people from opposite sides of the planet.

07Heritage, honestly

Culture is carried, not stored in blood.

Your heritage is real and worth loving. But the things that make a culture — its language, food, music and stories — are taught and chosen, kept alive by people. That's exactly why they can be shared, and why they survive when people move.

A culture can be precious without being pure. Continuity comes from people choosing to carry it forward — not from any bloodline staying sealed off from the world.

  • Language

    Learned from the people around you — not written in your genes.

  • Food

    Recipes travel, meet and adapt. Most national dishes are younger than you'd think.

  • Music

    Instruments and rhythms cross borders, keep changing hands.

  • Story

    Myth and memory are taught, retold, and reshaped each generation.

  • Craft

    Skills pass from hand to hand. They can be learned by anyone.

  • Belief

    Faith and ritual spread through people and choice, far from any one bloodline.

Where this leaves us

We are not the same. We are also not separate.

Humans have always moved, met and mixed. We always will. Knowing where you come from is a gift — and the honest answer, for every one of us, leads back to the same place.